ABSTRACT
The application of minimally invasive surgical techniques to neonates has developed in parallel with its adult counterpart. Limitations in the miniaturization of endosurgical instruments have resulted in a lag in the development and popularity of minimal-access procedures in infants. Significant recent advances in the downsizing of surgical instrumentation and the development of reliable and safe techniques have broadened the applicability of endoscopic surgery in neonates. Despite the growing use of minimally invasive procedures in neonates, much of the current literature supporting the safety and applicability of thoracoscopy and laparoscopy is based on case reports and relatively small clinical series of patients.
