ABSTRACT
The widespread use of antenatal ultrasound in the last 2530 years has allowed the early identification of a number of
congenital nephro-urological abnormalities, which are now
assessed with imaging soon after birth. In addition, a
congenital nephro-urological abnormality may declare itself
postnatally, for example with a urinary tract infection,
anomalies in urine stream, septicemia, metabolic upset due
to renal failure, or simply vomiting. Occasionally, the neonate
may have hematuria due to renal vein thrombosis, especially
in the case of a prolonged labor with hypoxic events. A well
neonate may present with an abdominal mass found on
routine examination or with an apparently unrelated con-
genital abnormality, e.g. esophageal atresia.
