ABSTRACT

Key Concepts ........................................................................................................... 52 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 52 Drug Response Is a Complex Trait .......................................................................... 53 Human Genetic Variations Underlie Pharmacogenomics ........................................54 Approaches to Identifying Pharmacogenomic Biomarkers ..................................... 56 Pharmacogenomic Biomarkers with Clinical Implications ..................................... 57

Cardiovascular Diseases ...................................................................................... 58 Warfarin .......................................................................................................... 58 Clopidogrel ..................................................................................................... 59 Simvastatin ..................................................................................................... 59

Cancers ................................................................................................................60 Cisplatin .........................................................................................................60 Erlotinib and Getinib ....................................................................................60 Methotrexate ...................................................................................................60