ABSTRACT
All real-world systems and transducers involve components where waves can be excited, whether acoustic, mechanical, or electric. To simplify the analysis by electrical network theory, it is generally desired to represent the components by discrete equivalents so that they can be analyzed as if they were discrete objects with lumped parameters. In practical terms, this means that wave motion (whether acoustic, mechanical, or electromagnetic) is assumed to be at innite speed. One can also say that the discrete element has no internal motion due to an applied force. When the delays caused by wave motion become important for the function of the circuit, the components may be discretized appropriately, for example, by a series network, etc. [1,2].
