ABSTRACT
Climate oscillations have always occurred in history and natural systems have developed a capacity to adapt, by migrating to nearby stable domains. This ability will enable ecosystems to mitigate the impact of future changes, however, there are two factors which will limit the ecosystem adaptability, 1) the current exacerbated rate of climate change compared to previous natural changes, and 2) the restricted resilience of species as a result of human pressure which has caused overfi shing, loss of biodiversity, habitat destruction, pollution and introduction of invasive species and pathogens (Brander 2010).
