ABSTRACT
Chromatography is the collective term for a set of laboratory techniques for the separation of mixtures. It involves the separation of mixtures due to differences in the distribution coefcient (equilibrium distribution) of sample components between two different phases that are immiscible. One of these phases is mobile while the other is stationary. Russian-Italian botanist Mikhail Tswett was the rst to use the term “chromatography,” derived from two Greek words chroma, meaning color, and graphein, meaning to write. He used nely divided CaCO3-packed glass columns to separate yellow, orange, and green plant pigments (xanthophylls, carotenes, and chlorophylls, respectively) [1]. In 1906, he rst used the term chromatography in his two papers about chlorophyll in the German botanical journal, Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft. In 1907, Tswett demonstrated his chromatograph for the German Botanical Society. For several reasons, Tswett’s work was long ignored. Willstater and Stoll later tried to repeat Tswett’s experiments, but they used an overly aggressive adsorbent (destroying the chlorophyll) and they were unable to do so. Willstater and Stoll published their results, and Tswett’s chromatography method soon fell into insignicance. After Tswett’s work, chromatography methods changed little until the explosion of mid-twentieth century research in new
1.1 History and Introduction of Chromatography ..................................................1 1.2 Basic Principle and Types of Chromatography ................................................2 1.3 Advancement in Liquid Chromatography ........................................................3
