ABSTRACT
Intellectual Property Right (IPR) is a legal term that covers innovations, novel ideas, thoughts, and information having commercial values. An IPR gives the innovator a right to protect his or her creation from being used by others. Such creations include a wide range of intangible properties ranging from information to inventions. With globalization, the concept of IPR
CONTENTS
20.1 Intellectual Property Rights: General Concept and Relevance ................................... 621 20.2 IPR and Its Different Forms.............................................................................................. 622
20.2.1 Patents ...................................................................................................................... 622 20.2.2 Copyright ................................................................................................................ 623 20.2.3 Trademarks ............................................................................................................. 624 20.2.4 Trade Secrets ........................................................................................................... 624
20.3 Technological Innovations in Agriculture and Emergence of Plant Biotechnology .....624 20.4 Transgenic Crops: Present Status and Future Prospects ............................................. 625 20.5 International Treaties and Forms of IPR Applicable to Agriculture and Plant
Biotechnology ..................................................................................................................... 627 20.5.1 International Treaties for Promoting Agricultural Innovations ..................... 627
20.5.1.1 Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) ...... 627 20.5.1.2 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and Its Impact on
Plant IPRs ................................................................................................. 627 20.5.1.3 International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food
and Agriculture (IT-PGRFA) ................................................................. 628 20.5.1.4 Public Intellectual Property Resources for Agriculture (PIPRA) ...... 628
20.5.2 Different Forms of IPR Relevant to Agriculture ............................................... 629 20.5.2.1 Plant Patents ............................................................................................. 629 20.5.2.2 PVP ............................................................................................................ 629 20.5.2.3 Farmers’ Rights .......................................................................................630 20.5.2.4 Utility Patents .......................................................................................... 631
20.6 Innovations in Plant Biotechnology and IPR Issues ..................................................... 631 20.7 General Considerations for Patent Filing in Plant Biotechnology ..............................664 20.8 Conclusion ..........................................................................................................................665 References .....................................................................................................................................666
