ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Despite the continued spread of zebra and quagga mussel populations throughout Europe and the United States, regulatory pressure is mounting to limit the use of pesticidal chemicals for musselcontrol. Previously, nonselective biocidal chemicals, including both oxidizing (e.g., chlorine) and nonoxidizing (e.g., polyquaternary ammonium compounds) chemicals, were the primary choice for musselcontrol. Power and industrial facilities have historically elected to use these biocides, because there were no other available control options that were highly effective, easy to apply, required limited capital expenditures, and could be injected at the inlet while still offering control throughout the entire system. However, nonselective biocides used for invasive mussel control are toxic to abroad spectrum of aquatic organisms and present safety issues for workers and water quality. For open water treatments, such as within lakes and rivers, the concentration of currently approved molluscicides required to achieve zebra and quagga mussel control is generally suf‘cient to cause mortality in other organisms, including ‘sh and native bivalve species. Consequently, there is aneed for an environmentally safe option to control
Introduction and Product Overview ........................................................................................................516 Overview ............................................................................................................................................516 Treatment Programs and Application ................................................................................................518 Con‘ned System (In-Pipe and Other Water-Related Infrastructure) Treatments ..............................518 Environmental and Recreational Rehabilitation Treatments .............................................................519
Zequanox Registration ........................................................................................................................... 520 Zequanox Human and Environmental Safety ........................................................................................ 520
