ABSTRACT
Years ago I worked with a delightful gentleman named Irving Ball. Irv was six feet seven inches, and I am five feet two. One morning Irv came in with a fresh abrasion on his forehead. I inquired about what happened, and Irv said, “Didn’t you see that scaffolding in the parking lot?” I said that I thought that I had. As we headed to my car at lunchtime, we passed the scaffolding and noted that it posed a threat to both of us; however, the probability of my hitting the portion of the scaffolding that Irv had hit was much lower. So the scaffolding was a threat for both of us but the risk to me was lower because the probability and impact were lower.
