ABSTRACT
An important characteristic of most real-world consultancy is confidentiality. The results of such studies may have important commercial or legal implications, the client may not want the world to know there is/was a problem, not from any sinister motive but that the public may, for example, become unduly alarmed. So for some of the case studies I cannot be too specific about where they are (they are drawn from around the world) and for the last case study I have repeated the principle of the approach on sample data taken from elsewhere. Having read these case studies in relation to the taxonomy of modelling approaches, the reader will be in position to conceptually ‘pigeon-hole’ other case studies on GIS and environmental modelling they will find in the literature or may themselves be working on.
