ABSTRACT

The understanding of the principles and mechanisms of the biomedical sciences blossomed significantly with the development of cell and tissue culture techniques. By the 1960s, the development of cell culture methods to grow animal and human cells and tissues on plastic showed promise in the survival of cells outside intact organisms. With further refinement of the culture conditions and insights into the requirements for maintaining viability of organs, tissues, and cells in an artificial environment, a transformation in cell biology was underway.