ABSTRACT

Data obtained from animal experiments yield information pertaining to the dose for lethal or sublethal toxicity that corresponds to many different general toxic mechanisms and effects. Similarly,

in vitro

cell systems also detect a wide spectrum of unspecified mechanisms and effects. In contrast to animal experiments, however, all cell tests of acute toxicity in current use measure the concentration of a substance that interferes with or alters components, structures, or biochemical pathways within cells.