ABSTRACT
Introduction Urinary diversion has reached a new level. The ultimate goal of urinary reconstruction has become not only to create a means to divert urine and protect the upper urinary tract, but also to provide patients with a continent means to store urine and allow for volitional voiding through the native urethra. These advances in urinary diversion have been made in an effort to give patients a normal lifestyle with a positive self-image following removal of the bladder. We and others have been dedicated to the continued improvement of lower urinary tract reconstruction, and believe that the neobladder represents the most ideal form of urinary diversion.1-4 Orthotopic reconstruction was proposed by Tizzoni and Foggi in 1888.5
They replaced the bladder in one female dog by an isoperistaltic ileal segment. In 1951 Couvelaire reactivated this idea.6
