ABSTRACT

Traditionally, charged membranes can be sorted into various categories (Ohya et al., 1995; Wu et al., 2006a, 2006b; Xu and Yang, 2003; Sforca et al., 1999; Lu et al., 2003; Cornelius and Marand, 2002; Kogure et al., 1997; Zhang et al., 2006; Kusakabe et al., 1998). Nevertheless, if the main

3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 39 3.2 Preparation of Inorganic-Organic Charged Hybrid Membranes ........................................... 43

3.2.1Negatively Charged Hybrid Membranes .................................................................... 43 3.2.2Positively Charged Hybrid Membranes ...................................................................... 43 3.2.3Zwitterionic Hybrid Membranes ................................................................................ 45

3.2.3.1 Zwitterionic Hybrid Membranes Containing Single Acidic Groups ........... 45 3.2.3.2 Zwitterionic Hybrid Membranes Containing Different Acidic Groups.......48