ABSTRACT
Methyltransferase (UMT) .............................................................. 54 3.3 Detecting The Optical Signature .................................................... 54 3.3.1 Biosensors in the Field of Defense .................................... 55
3.3.1.1 Land Mines ......................................................... 55 3.4 Biosniffing ..................................................................................... 57 3.5 Space .............................................................................................. 57 3.5.1 Biosensors in the Field of Medical .................................... 57
3.5.1.1 Chondrocytes ..................................................... 57
3.6 Cancer ............................................................................................ 58 3.7 HIV (AIDS) ................................................................................... 59 3.8 Human B Cell Line ........................................................................ 59 3.8.1 Biosensors in the Field of Environment ............................ 59
3.3.8.1 Nonspecific Lux Bioreporters ............................ 60 3.8.2 UV Detection ..................................................................... 61 3.8.3 Food and Agriculture ......................................................... 62 3.9 Conclusion ..................................................................................... 64 Keywords ................................................................................................ 64 References ............................................................................................... 65
3.1 INTRODUCTION
A biosensor is an automatic device, which can help us by transforming biological (enzymatic) response to electrical in the form of fluorescent light. The emphasis of this topic concerns enzymes as the biologically responsive material, but it should be recognized that other biological systems may be utilized by biosensors, for example, whole cell metabolism, Ligand binding and the antibody-antigen reaction. Biosensors represent a rapidly expanding field, at the present time, with an estimated 60% annual growth rate; the major impetus coming from the health-care industry (e.g., 6% of the western world are diabetic and would benefit from the availability of a rapid, accurate and simple biosensor for glucose) but with some pressure from other areas, such as food quality appraisal environmental monitoring and defense purposes.
