ABSTRACT
One of the most important energy sources of renewable energy in the near future is biomass. And biofuel is one of the products of biomass, which can be used as a substitute for petroleum fuels. Recently, biomass has been considered as an alternative energy source because it is a renewable resource and has environmental consideration. Fuels from
CONTENTS
16.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................303 16.1.1 Microalgae...............................................................................................................306 16.1.2 Cultivation of Microalgae ..................................................................................... 307
16.1.2.1 Open Ponds .............................................................................................. 307 16.1.2.2 Closed Bioreactors ...................................................................................308 16.1.2.3 Open Ponds versus Closed Bioreactors ...............................................309
16.2 Environmental Factors of Methane Production ............................................................309 16.2.1 Temperature ............................................................................................................309 16.2.2 pH Value .................................................................................................................. 310 16.2.3 Carbon-to-Nitrogen Ratio ..................................................................................... 311 16.2.4 Total Solid Concentration ..................................................................................... 311 16.2.5 Retention Time ....................................................................................................... 311 16.2.6 Toxicity .................................................................................................................... 311
16.3 Biogas Processing ............................................................................................................... 312 16.3.1 Gasication ............................................................................................................. 312 16.3.2 Liquefaction ............................................................................................................ 313 16.3.3 Fast Pyrolysis .......................................................................................................... 314 16.3.4 Anaerobic Digestion .............................................................................................. 315
