Real-time particle size and electrostatic charge distribution analysis and its applications to electrostatic processes

Sinced.and'tparedeterminedfromthephaselagmeasurement(equation4),the chargeqcanbecalculatedbymeasuringVp:

(7)

ThedirectionofparticleoscillationVpsin(rot-<jl)maybein-phaseor180°out-of-phasewith respecttotheappliedfieldEosinrot,dependinguponthepolarityofcharge.Thisdirection providespolarityofthemeasuredchargeq.Theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthe acousticandACE-SPARTareshowninTable2.