ABSTRACT
Abstract Even the cleanest of natural waters will carry a biological loading of bacteria, microalgae and protozoa, as well as larger organisms. A filtration and transportation system provides a greatly increased surface area to the microorganisms and this has important implications in the formation of biofilms. Such biofilms may have significant effects on filtration, fluid flow, heat transfer, corrosion and the development of and release of, for example, pathogens and corrosive substances, further into the system. The environmental variables of such systems vary widely, according to the end use. These include the degree of filtration, use of biocides and additions of corrosion inhibitors. However, despite treatments, most systems will have active biofilms (although these need not necessarily be detrimental). The formation and effects of biofilms is described using systems in the off-shore oil industry as examples Keywords: Filtration, Fouling, Corrosion, Water systems.
