ABSTRACT
Abstract This paper gives a n overview o f temperature, shrinkage an d creep effect s on bridges. Designer s have to deal wit h these effect s i n different ways fo r simply supporte d spans , continuous bridges , and integra l bridges . Thi s i s one o f the main differences betwee n th e design o f integra l bridge s and other bridges. Temperature , shrinkage an d creep al l give rise to effects which can only be calculated wit h a considerable degre e o f uncertainty, an d consequently i t i s suggested tha t complicated calculation s ar e normall y unjustified. Simpl e methods fo r dealing with these effect s in the design o f integra l bridge s ar e suggested, an d illustrated b y examples . Keywords; Integra l bridges . Temperature effects . Shrinkage, Creep.
