ABSTRACT
Interest in the ability of different cellular immunoassays to correlate with the clinical significance of RBC antibodies began by the end of 1970s. The first clinical study on autoantibodies was carried out almost in parallel by Kay and Douglas (14) and Engelfriet' s group ( 15) and on alloantibodies by Schanfield (16, 17) using the RA and monocyte monolayer assay (MMA). Since then, several groups of investigators applied the MMA to AIHA (18-24), to HDN (25-28) and to alloimmunized patients for whom no compatible blood was readily available (29-34).
