ABSTRACT
The paper contemplates the possibility for applying the apparatus of critical phenomena theory and second-kind phase transitions theory to description of the failure process at the final stage in the dynamic longevity range (t ~ 10−6 ÷ 10−11 s). As a result of a large number of experimental and calculation-and-theoretical studies it was shown that the body resists the external action in the longevity dynamic range through originating dissipative structure – failure centers cascade. The failure centers cascade is a fractal cluster when distribution of failure centers by sizes is determined by the degree law N(D) ~ D−α; N(D) – failure centers number of dimensions D, α > 1 (meso-II). Such a dependence means that the relation of the number of clusters of one size to the number of clusters of another size depends not only on their dimension but also on the relation of sizes. The same degree relations describe distributions (by sizes) of glide lines and strips occurring near the site of failure centers formation characterizing the turbulent mixing of crystal lattice (meso-I) and distribution of “roughness of mountain relief ’ of the failure centers surface (nanolevel) by sizes. There were studied physics preconditions of application of percolation models for description of metals failure process in the dynamic longevity range. In the loaded state the failure centers density ρ increases, and when reaching the critical density ρc there originates connectivity in the system of failure centers, changing the body connectivity, i.e. macro-failure occurs. At the final stage of the dynamic failure the process is controlled by concentration criteria, when failure centers dimension and the average distance between them are connected by the definite relation. The critical phenomena are conditioned by the properties of the whole complex of system particles, but not by each particle individual properties. The foregoing determines the universal properties of metals behavior in the dynamic failure phenomenon. The unique mechanism of the process of dynamic failure – the loss of connectivity of the system through clusterization of failure centers cascade (equal dimensionality of order parameter, unique class of versatility) and equal space dimensionality, where the process occurs, determine the possibility for prediction of behavior of unstudied metals in the extreme conditions and for “constructing” of new materials resistant to definite types of exposure by the means of computer. Application of apparatus of critical phenomena theory and theory of second-kind phase transitions for the processes of dynamic failure at the final stage allowed determination of universal properties of metals behavior in the phenomenon of dynamic failure conditioned by self-arrangement and instability in dissipative structures.
