ABSTRACT

The open pit has been constructed in several phases, with retaining construction in soil layers and rock mass reinforcement by the rock bolts and suitable reinforced system: multi-layered reinforced sprayed concrete. During the open pit construction, a measuring, observing, and monitoring system was established. The monitoring system included deformation measuring in horizontal deformeters and vertical inclinometers (Fig. 1), and observations of geodetic marks, so as control pull-out test on rockbolts. This enabled obtaining the necessary data for the stress-strain back analysis of the real behavior of excavated and reinforced rock mass. An active design procedure was established which made possible the changes required in the rock mass reinforcement system in cuts.