X-Ray Diffraction

The interaction of X-rays of the wavelength of the order of lattice

constants and shorter ones, allow us to learn about the crystal

structure of materials. In this chapter, we will introduce the

principles of X-ray diffraction for the case of X-rays interacting

with an ideal crystal structure; we will limit our considerations

to the case when X-rays are scattered elastically. The scattering

of X-rays by electrons from the atoms will be treated within

the first-order Born approximation, and within the isolated-atom

approximation (each atom contributes separately to the electron

density).