ABSTRACT
Global warming as a result of greenhouse effect is changing the Earth’s climate in dramatic ways, and human activities are primarily responsible for the rate at which this change is taking place. Carbon dioxide is the major greenhouse gas and we have been overlling our atmosphere with it as a result of industrialization. We burn fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and oil) for obtaining energy for almost everything from fuels in cars and aero planes to heating our homes that releases CO2 into the atmosphere. As a result, the atmospheric CO2 concentration has increased from preindustrial level of 280-390 ppm at present. The elevated CO2 is strengthening the greenhouse effect as a result of which Earth is getting hotter, increasing the chances of weather disasters, drought and oods, and thus, adversely affecting our health. We need to take immediate steps to reduce our carbon emissions and slow down the speed of global warming. Several attempts are, therefore, being made to reduce carbon emissions by shifting to renewable energy sources, but fossil fuels will continue to be the mainstay of energy generation around the world through at least the next few decades. Consequently, in order to stabilize and ultimately reduce carbon emissions, various carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technologies are being developed and assessed for mitigating carbon emissions from power plants, industrial processes, and other stationary sources of CO2 while improving the efciencies of the power plants.
