Basic Features of Graphene

Graphene is a monolayer crystal of carbon. Graphene was first

synthesized from bulk graphite, which is regarded as stacked

graphene, as illustrated in Fig. 2.1, by the exfoliation method [1].

In early times, Wallace [2] proposed that such a two-dimensional

crystal has peculiar electronic states that are linear dispersions

forming a cone. In this chapter, we provide a simple method dealing

with electronic states on monolayer and bilayer graphene.