ABSTRACT
Petroleum (Gruse and Stevens, 1960; Hobson and Pohl, 1973; Speight, 1991; McKetta, 1992) is the predominant source of liquid fuels; coal (Speight, 1994) and oil shale (Scouten, 1990) have also provided liquid fuels on demand, perhaps not economically. Indeed, inspections of various shale oils indicate that high nitrogen contents are the norm (relative to petroleum) (Table 2.1) (Scouten, 1990).
