ABSTRACT

In principle, a quantum computer is any computing device that makes di-

rect use of characteristically quantum mechanical phenomena, such as en-

tanglement and superposition, to perform operations on data. In a classical

computer, data is handled using bits; in a quantum computer, the data is

handled using quantum bits or qubits for short. A qubit may be realized

using a two-level system which can be represented by an atom or a quantum

dot (QD). Quantum computation relies on the premise that the quantum

properties of particles can be used to represent data, and that quantum

mechanisms can be implemented to execute operations with these data.