ABSTRACT
They found that the test results have good repeatability and agree well with the results of resonant column tests. However, the main problem of their test system is mounting the bender elements onto a rigid frame, which will inevitably influence the dynamic behavior of the model soil. More recently, Rammah et al. (2006) developed a seismic tomography system using bender elements in the centrifuge to image the variation of soil stiffness during test. All these studies show that, the bender element technique is effective and accurate for Vs monitoring during centrifuge experiments.
