ABSTRACT
In this concluding chapter, several topics that extend the models covered in the book are discussed. The first set describe extensions to hierarchical modelling: modelling multiple outcomes; joint modelling of georeferenced longitudinal and time-to-event data; multiscale modelling; use of survey data for small area estimation; and improving ecological inference. Reference is then made to the possibilities of using developments in geostatistics: modelling spatial structure; reducing visual bias in maps; modelling scale effects. Geostatistics too is based on a “borrowing strength” methodology in space (as well as in space-time). Also presented are developments in spatial econometrics in order to model spatial count data. Finally, in a time of “big” and ever “bigger” data reported at “fine” and ever “finer” scales of resolution we briefly draw the reader’s attention to some of the computational challenges that arise in spatial and spatial-temporal data modelling.
