ABSTRACT
Depending on the anatomy and tissue pathology, endoscopic dilatation of a strictured segment and acid suppression might be required. An esophageal ring is a concentric, smooth, thin extension of normal esophageal tissue consisting of three anatomic layers of mucosa, submucosa, and sometimes include smooth muscle. Deformity of tracheobronchial remnants is due to an abnormal separation of the foregut into esophagus and trachea, and occurs during the fourth week of gestation. Esophageal atresia is the lack of communication between the proximal and distal esophagus. Laryngo–tracheo–esophageal cleft (LTEC) is a rare congenital anomaly consisting of midline defect along the posterior portion of the larynx and trachea and the anterior portion of the esophagus, leaving a communication between these structures. The main objective in the management of the LTEC is to stabilize the airway. Treatment of congenital esophageal stenosis typically requires surgical repair.
