ABSTRACT

The discovery of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the late 1990s ushered in a new age of discovery for innate immunity. The importance of TLRs for immunology and biomedical research was recognized with the Nobel Prize for Medicine or Physiology in 2011. The prize was shared by three scientists: Ralph Steinman (for the discovery of dendritic cells, whi

chapter 1|18 pages

Antiviral Responses in Invertebrates

chapter 2|21 pages

Overview of TLRs

chapter 7|17 pages

The Mitochondrial Immune Signaling Complex

chapter 12|19 pages

Autophagy in Antiviral Immunity

chapter 13|21 pages

Synthetic and Natural Ligands of RLR

chapter 14|22 pages

Antiviral Actions o f Double-Stranded RNA