ABSTRACT
Figure 1. Predictive parameters of graft failure and their relationship with different phases of transplantation.
these markers do not have predictive ability on the immunological status of the recipient and its possible response to different degrees of immunosuppression. Thus, a pressing need exists for the identification of better early risk parameters.4,5 In the recent years, novel serologic and urinary markers of graft failure have been proposed. These novel markers might indeed be used to individualize immunosuppressive therapies. In this chapter, we will analyse all known risk factors as well as novel immunological markers which might enter clinical practice in the next future (Fig. 1).
