ABSTRACT
A substance that can meet specific morphological and physical performance requirements is referred to as a material. Materials are vital to modern industrial and high-tech advances, constituting an important basis for human survival and development. Materials can be divided according to their chemical composition into metallic, inorganic nonmetallic, and organic polymer materials. Metallic materials are composed of metal atoms such as iron, copper, aluminum, and alloy steel. Inorganic nonmetallic materials are composed of inorganic compounds such as glass, ceramics, and cement. Organic polymer materials are composed mainly of two elements-carbon and hydrogenwith C-C covalent bonds forming their basic structure; examples of such compounds include cottons, linens, silks, plastics, rubber, synthetic fibers, and others.
