ABSTRACT
Suspended within the hoof capsule by a system of interlocking lamellae is the distal phalanx (P3 or pedal bone). Enzyme-mediated remodelling of these lamellae permits the continuous ‘ratcheting’ downward of maturing keratin while maintaining the strong bond between P3 and hoof. At the back of the foot, between P3 and the frog and heels, lies the loosely collagenous digital cushion. When foot strikes ground, the thinner wall at the quarters allows expansion of the heels; the digital cushion, along with collateral cartilages, acts as a ‘shock absorber’ to dampen downward movement of the middle phalanx (P2).
