ABSTRACT

SUMMARY. There is a general agreement that Intellectual Property Rights are important for promoting research and in particular practical plant breeding. Providing an effective IPR system by countries increases the access to foreign-bred varieties for their citizens. The design of such a national IPR system for plant varieties requires a careful balancing of exclusive rights and exemptions taking into account the current (infor­ mal) seed systems for the particular crops and their intended develop­ ment.