ABSTRACT
Different industries implement a range of measures to reduce accidents. Examples in the aviation industry are the traffic alert and collision avoidance system (TCAS), as a technology-based measure, and cockpit resource management (CRM) training, as a human factors measure. In the railway industry, examples are automatic train stop (ATS) as a technology-based measure, and pointing-and-call checking, as a human factors measure. In nuclear power plants the emergency core cooling system (ECCS) illustrates another technology-based measure. The purpose of this chapter is to describe problems relating to accident prevention in Japan. However, the type and degree of events considered to be accidents differ from industry to industry. We, therefore, need to define accidents before discussing them.
