ABSTRACT
Inert electrolytes show ion speci city, as discussed in Chapter 2 and illustrated in Figures 2.4, 2.5, 2.9, and 2.10. The anions affect the positive branches of the charging and electrokinetic curves, and the cations affect the negative branches. The af nity to particular monovalent anions and cations depends on the character of the surface, and follows the hard-soft acid-base principle; that is, hard surfaces prefer to adsorb hard ions, and soft surfaces prefer to adsorb soft ions. The effects of ion speci city on the charging and electrokinetic curves are usually minor. The af nity series observed in coagulation behavior are termed Hoffmeister series.
