ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: Four application scenarios using one type of a top of rail friction modifier (TORFM) during track testing and in NUCARS® modeling simulations1 were performed to study the effects of wheel-rail forces. Results indicated controlled TORFM application can considerably reduce lateral forces, resulting in reduced risk of rail rollover, lower levels of rail wear, and lower risk of rolling contact fatigue. However, failed TORFM application on the low rail in curves, such as that caused by a broken hose or clogged ports, can cause considerably higher lateral forces. A TORFM applied to only the low rail in curves can result in lower lateral forces similar to TORFMs applied on both rails. Modeling analysis indicated that the percentage Kalker factors and wheel-rail profile combinations involved in the simulations can have considerable effects on the simulation results of lateral forces.
