ABSTRACT
Insulin resistance usually occurs due to impairment of insulin pathway at any steps. For example in human insulin resistance has been proposed to occur as a result of rare mutations of the IRS-1 protein, although most data on insulin resistant caused by IRS-1 protein have been obtained by animal experiments. Several other enzymes such as PI3-kinase, PKB/AKt2, nPKCs (PKC0 and PKCS), IRS/P13, GLUT4 and FFA have also been implicated for the development of insulin resistance and the mechanism proposed is fairly complicated.
