ABSTRACT

Entanglement, or the existence of nonclassical correlations between

distinct, potentially distant quantum objects, is one of the most

intriguing aspects of quantum mechanics. The first discussed, and

probably most famous, phenomenon arising from entanglement is

the EPR paradox, published in 1935 by Albert Einstein et al. [361]. While the early discussions of this paradox remained on the

philosophical level of Gedankenexperiments, it took about 30

years until it was put into a verifiable mathematical form in

1964, today known as the Bell inequality [362]. This and related formulations [363] have been experimentally tested many times

since the early 1980s [364, 365]. None of these tests gave clear

evidence for the incorrectness or incompleteness of quantum

mechanics.