ABSTRACT
Overview .......................................................................................................................... 252 Ergonomics and Safety ................................................................................................ 256 What Do I Do First? ...................................................................................................... 256
Falls ................................................................................................................................. 257 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 257 Children at Risk of Falling ............................................................................................ 260 Products ....................................................................................................................... 261 Bleachers ..................................................................................................................... 263 Prevention .................................................................................................................... 264 Shopping Carts ............................................................................................................ 265 Preventing Falls ........................................................................................................... 267
Burns ............................................................................................................................... 269 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 269 Fire ............................................................................................................................... 270
Causes ..................................................................................................................... 271 Solutions ................................................................................................................... 278 Early Warnings: Smoke Detectors (Alarms) ......................................................... 278 Fire Extinguishers (PASS) .................................................................................... 281 Sprinklers .............................................................................................................. 282 Escape Plan .......................................................................................................... 282 What Children Need To Know .................................................................................. 283 Adult Caregivers ...................................................................................................... 283 Fire Safety and People with Disabilities ................................................................... 284
Firecrackers ................................................................................................................. 284 Scalds .......................................................................................................................... 286
Poison .............................................................................................................................. 290
Problem ........................................................................................................................ 290 When and How Accidental Poisonings Occur ............................................................. 292 General Solutions ......................................................................................................... 293
Child-Resistant Packaging ....................................................................................... 293 Labeling ................................................................................................................... 294
Community Approach. ................................................................................................. 296 Specific Causal Agents and Solutions ......................................................................... 297
Choking ........................................................................................................................... 297 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 297 Why Do Children Choke? ............................................................................................. 299
Mouthing .................................................................................................................. 299 Eating ....................................................................................................................... 299
Preventing Choking ..................................................................................................... 300 Foods ....................................................................................................................... 300 Toys and Other Nonfood Choking Hazards ............................................................. 303
Drowning ......................................................................................................................... 306 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 306 Problem ........................................................................................................................ 308 General Solutions for Parents ...................................................................................... 310 Solutions ...................................................................................................................... 311
Homes ...................................................................................................................... 311 Swimming Pools ................................................................................................... 313 Barriers .............................................................................................................. 313 Alarms and Covers ........................................................................................... 314 Boating ..................................................................................................................... 317 Open Waters and Farm Ponds ................................................................................. 318 Caretakers ................................................................................................................ 320
Conclusions ..................................................................................................................... 321 References ...................................................................................................................... 323 Appendix A: Poison Supplement. ................................................................................... 328
Causal Agents and Solutions ....................................................................................... 328 Physical Results and Symptoms .............................................................................. 328 Do Home Testing Kits Work? ................................................................................ 331 Do High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) Filters Work? ...................................... 331
Arsenic ......................................................................................................................... 331 Carbon Monoxide (CO) ............................................................................................... 332 Art Supplies ................................................................................................................. 333 Household Items .......................................................................................................... 334
OVERVIEW
A child’s “work” is to develop physically, emotionally, socially, and cognitively. In order to develop, a child must continually face new challenges, hopefully in small enough steps so he or she can master the task and move on to new trials.
