ABSTRACT
Brazil can be considered a special case in terms of the share of renewable in its energy matrix mainly due to the electric energy supply mostly based on hydro and the Brazilian initiatives related to biofuels, which have been intensively implemented since 1975. By that time, public policies designed to promote the large-scale production and consumption of biofuels were introduced in the country to reduce the external dependence on imported oil. Since then, several experiences transformed Brazil into a world leader in bioenergy mainly due to sugarcane ethanol production, distribution, and use in the transportation sector.
