ABSTRACT
Conned animal-feeding operations (CAFOs) have been increased over the past decades. Without proper management, animal wastes can cause water and air pollution (Zhu, 2000; Krapac et al., 2002). Animal manure is one of the main sources of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs), mostly methane and nitrous oxide (Park et al., 2006). Animal manure also harbors pathogens that are harmful to livestock, wildlife, and people exposed to the manure (Vanotti et al., 2005).
