ABSTRACT
Contents 22.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 534 22.2 QoS in MANETs ........................................................................................................... 535 22.3 Issues and Design Considerations in QoS Provisioning over MANETs ......................... 536
22.3.1 Challenges in Provisioning QoS over MANETs ................................................. 536 22.3.2 Design Trade-Offs .............................................................................................. 537 22.3.3 Factors Affecting Performance of QoS Protocols ................................................ 538
22.4 QoS-Aware ad hoc Routing Protocols ............................................................................ 539 22.5 Protocols Relying on MAC Layer ................................................................................... 540
22.5.1 QoS-Aware Routing Solutions Based on Contention-Free MAC Protocols ......... 540 22.5.1.1 Ticket-Based Probing (TBR) ................................................................ 540 22.5.1.2 Synchronous Signaling and Node State-Based Routing (SSNSR) ......... 542 22.5.1.3 Signal-to-Interference and Bandwidth Routing (SBR) .......................... 543 22.5.1.4 Reliable Multipath QoS Routing Protocol ............................................ 544
22.5.2 QoS-Aware Routing Solutions Based on Contented MAC Protocols .................. 546 22.5.2.1 Distributed Admission Control for MANET Environment .................. 546 22.5.2.2 Staggered Admission Control Protocol ................................................. 548 22.5.2.3 Priority-Based Distributed Flow Admission Control ............................. 550 22.5.2.4 Adaptive Admission Control Protocol .................................................. 550
22.6 QoS-Aware Routing Solutions Independent on MAC Layer .......................................... 551 22.6.1 Route Stability-Based QoS Routing Protocol (RSQR) ........................................ 552 22.6.2 Efficient Cluster-Based Routing Protocol ............................................................ 553 22.6.3 QoS Mobile Routing Backbone over AODV ...................................................... 554 22.6.4 Application-Aware QoS Routing ........................................................................ 555
22.7 Future Work ................................................................................................................... 556 22.8 Summary ....................................................................................................................... 557
22.1 Introduction With the proliferation of inexpensive and infrastructure-less mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), research focus has shifted to issues related to security and quality of service (QoS) in these networks. MANETs are collections of mobile hosts (also called nodes), which are self-configurable, self-organizing, and self-maintainable. e nodes communicate with each other through wireless channels with no centralized control. With the evolution of wireless prevalence in the last decade, we are witnessing more and more applications moving and adapting to wireless methods to communicate. MANET nodes rely on multihop communication; that is, nodes within each other’s transmission range can communicate directly through radio channels, whereas those outside the radio range must rely on intermediate nodes to forward messages toward their destinations. Mobile hosts can move, leave, and join the network whenever they want, and routes need to be updated frequently because of the dynamic network topology. is is illustrated in Figure 22.1. Suppose, node A wants to communicate with node B. At time t1, the routing path is A→C→B. At time t2 (>t1), node C moves out of range of node A. Because of this, the changed route for node B at time t2 is A→D→B.
