ABSTRACT
There are different kinds of polarization namely electronic, atomic, orientational, and ionic polarization. These polarizations vary in their frequencies. The behavior of the orientation polarization in time-dependent fields can, as a good approximation, be characterized with respect to their relaxation times. This behavior is generally denoted as dielectric relaxation. Dielectric spectroscopy can be used to probe the dynamics of local motions that are of dimensions less than 1 nm, segmental motions that are of dimensions 1-10 nm and dynamics of chain contour that are of dimension ~ 10-100 nm. Some of the useful properties that can be measured using dielectric measurements are: (i) Dielectric constant, (ii) Loss factor, (iii) Dissipation factor, (iv) Relaxation time, (v) Relaxation strength, and (vi) Conductivity. Dielectric spectroscopy can be used to study a wide variety of materials such as water, glass forming liquids, clusters, ice and porous materials and colloids. It can be used to study biological materials like lipids, proteins, cells, DNA, RNA, and tissues.
