ABSTRACT

Carbon materials have a rich history in electrochemistry, going back over 150  years.1 No other electrode material has such an expansive array of allotropes, structural polymorphisms, variations of synthetic procedures, or breadth of applications. The liberal use of carbon is due to its relative abundance (low cost), ease of functionalization, wide potential window, and biocompatibility

9.1 Carbon Electrodes ................................................................................................................ 293 9.1.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 293 9.1.2 Graphene to Graphite ...............................................................................................294 9.1.3 Carbon Nanotubes .................................................................................................... 298 9.1.4 Doped Nanocarbons and Diamond...........................................................................300