ABSTRACT
To perform electrochemical experiments on the nanoscale and probe nanometer-sized objects, one needs comparably sized electrochemical tools.1 A number of such tools-solid nanoelectrodes and nanopipette-supported liquid/liquid interfaces-have been developed since the late 1980s.2,3 This review is concerned with new challenges and opportunities stemming from the use of nanoelectrochemical approaches. While nanoprobes offer important advantages and allow one to study numerous phenomena that cannot be observed at macroscopic electrodes, the visualization of their surfaces remains challenging, and the interpretation of the electrochemical response relies on assumptions about the electrode size and geometry. Here, we discuss methodologies that have been used to fabricate and characterize electrochemical nanoprobes and some typical pitfalls encountered in nanoelectrochemical experiments.
