ABSTRACT
Semiconductor photoelectrodes immersed in a solution and under illumination can drive useful electrochemical transformations without any external power supply or bias. This premise has fueled the eld of semiconductor photoelectrochemistry since its inception. Early work in this area predominantly involved polished, high-quality single-crystalline semiconductor electrodes serving as the light absorber, charge converter/separator, and electrocatalyst support for heterogeneous electrochemical transformations. The impetus for using such materials was both that planar electrodes were easy to prepare and that these materials were available through the semiconductor industry.
