ABSTRACT
Toxicology ...................................................................................................................................... 343 Species and Characteristics .......................................................................................................344 History .......................................................................................................................................344 Utilization as a Test Animal .....................................................................................................344 Basic Biological Characteristics................................................................................................ 345 Husbandry ................................................................................................................................. 345
Housing and Caging .............................................................................................................346 Temperature, Ventilation, and Humidity Control ................................................................ 350 Breeding ............................................................................................................................... 350 Watering ............................................................................................................................... 351 Nutrition ............................................................................................................................... 351 Diseases ................................................................................................................................ 352 Water Deprivation ................................................................................................................ 353
Dosing Techniques .................................................................................................................... 353 Oral Dosing (Gavage) ........................................................................................................... 353 Subcutaneous Injection ........................................................................................................ 353 Intradermal Injection ............................................................................................................ 353 Footpad Injection .................................................................................................................. 354 Intraperitoneal Injection ....................................................................................................... 355 Dermal Application .............................................................................................................. 355 Intramuscular Injection ........................................................................................................ 355 Intravenous Injection ............................................................................................................ 355
Common Techniques ................................................................................................................. 355 Blood Collection and Measuring Blood Flow and Blood Pressure ..................................... 355 Shaving and Tape Stripping ................................................................................................. 356 Anesthesia ............................................................................................................................ 357 Breeding ............................................................................................................................... 359
Developmental Toxicity ............................................................................................................360 Common Protocols (Immunotoxicology) ................................................................................. 361
Modi‹ed Buehler Procedure ................................................................................................ 361 Guinea Pig Maximization Test ............................................................................................. 365 Split Adjuvant Test ............................................................................................................... 369 Photosensitization Tests........................................................................................................ 372 Host Resistance Test ............................................................................................................. 378
Pathology ....................................................................................................................................... 379 Usefulness: Strengths and Weaknesses..................................................................................... 379
Respiratory System .............................................................................................................. 379 Digestive System .................................................................................................................. 379 Urogenital System and Fetal Tissues ................................................................................... 379 Nervous System and Special Sense Organs ......................................................................... 380 Integumentary System and Soft Tissues .............................................................................. 380 Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Systems ................................................................................ 381 Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases ........................................................................................ 381 Bacterial, Viral, and Rickettsial Diseases ............................................................................ 381 Neoplastic Diseases .............................................................................................................. 381
Organ Weights and Ratios ............................................................................................................. 382 Spontaneous Lesions: Nonneoplastic and Neoplastic .................................................................... 383
General Considerations: Nonneoplastic Findings ..................................................................... 383 General Considerations: Neoplastic Findings .......................................................................... 383 Cardiovascular System ..............................................................................................................384
