ABSTRACT
Linearity - Most instruments are designed so that the output is a linear function of the input (Fig. 5.6). Linearity is the maximum deviation £ 1 of the output of an instrument from a best-fitting straight line at any measurand value Ui . Linearity is based on the type of straight line fitted to the calibration data. For example, "least-squares linearity" is referenced to that straight line for which the sum of the squares of the residuals is minimized. The term "residual" refers to the deviations of output readings from their corresponding values on the straight line fitted through the data. Linearity is often expressed as a percentage of full scale.
